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Kinetic theory of gases The kinetic theory describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container. According to kinetic theory of gases, the molecules of … Read more kinetic theory of gases

Thermodynamics Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the energy and work of a system.Thermodynamics is the study of macroscopic systems for which thermal effects are important. These systems are normally assumed to be at equilibrium, or at least, close to equilibrium. Systems at equilibrium are easier to study, both experimentally and theoretically, … Read more Thermodynamics

Chemical equilibrium Chemical equilibrium is a state in which the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal and the concentrations of the reactants and products remain constant. Equilibrium is a dynamic process i.e. the conversions of reactants to products and products to reactants are still going on, although there is no net change … Read more equilibriums

Chemical Bonding and Molecular Structure The smallest particle of element is atom and the smallest particle in a compound is molecule. The force or the binding that keeps the atoms in the molecule combined during the formation of molecule is called chemical bonding. The concepts like that of Kossel-Lewis, VSEPR principle, valence bond theory, molecular … Read more chemical bonding and molecular structure

Atomic Structure In 1897 J.J. Thomson discovered electron as a constituent of atom. He determined that an electron had a negative charge and had very little mass as compared to that of the atom. Since an atom was found to be electrically neutral it was inferred that some source of positive charge must be present … Read more Atomic structure

Contributions of Indian scientists in the development of science: Ancient ,Medieval and Modern Science and Mathematics were highly developed during the ancient period in India. Ancient Indians contributed immensely to the knowledge in Mathematics as well as various branches of Science. Medieval period marks the coming of Muslims in India. By this time, the traditional … Read more contributions of Indian scientists in the development of science

Use of information technology in administration Public Administration, governed by bureaucratic structures built on rationale principles, that dominated the twentieth century, has failed to respond to the changing requirements of the present times. It is so because it tended to be rigid, laid too much emphasis on red-tapism; sap creativity; thwarted initiative; wore out dynamism … Read more use of information technology in administration

Basics of Computers Computer is a device that transforms data into meaningful information. Data can be anything like marks obtained by you in various subjects. It can also be name, age, sex, weight, height, etc. of all the students in a class. A computer is a programmable machine. It allows the user to store all … Read more Basics of computers

Electromagnetic Wave Electromagnetic Wave are waves composed of undulating electrical fields and magnetic fields. The different kinds of electromagnetic waves, such as light and radio waves, form the electromagnetic spectrum. All electromagnetic waves have the same speed in a vacuum, a speed expressed by the letter c (the speed of light) and equal to about … Read more Electromagnetic Waves

Semiconductor Devices:- Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide, as well as organic semiconductors. Semiconductor devices have replaced thermionic devices (vacuum tubes) in most applications. There are two basic groups or classifications that can be used to define the different semiconductor types: Intrinsic … Read more semi conductor devices